The word targum comes from the hebrew word, which means translation. In talmudic times, the targum was read versebyverse, alternating with the hebrew text of the haftarah. The targum of onkelos to genesis download ebook pdf, epub. Targum article about targum by the free dictionary. But because of a printers mistake it was later labeled targum. They, as well as the pseudo jonathan targum, have often been designated as the palestinian targum, or the jerusalem targum.
However, its early origins may have been western, in israel. Here are english translations of targum onkelos, targum jonathan plus a few other rabbinic texts. During the period of the second templeand for centuries afterwardaramaic was the everyday language of the jews. In talmudic times, readings from the torah within the synagogues were rendered, versebyverse, into an aramaic translation.
Targum hebrew from the verbal root ragam to arrange, explain, interpret interpretation. The targums of onkelos and jonathan ben uzziel on the pentateuch with the fragments of the jerusalem targum from the chaldee by j. An interesting illustration of the interpretative method of the targum of jonathan is found in isaiah 52. Read the text of targum jonathan on isaiah online with commentaries and connections. Giving you holy bibles the way they were originally printed. Targum lamentationso reading of the book of lamentations. Eldon clem translation of joel, amos, obadiah, jonah, micah, nahum, habakkuk, zephaniah, haggai. Pdf this contribution comprehensively analyses how targum jonathan malachi. This manuscript is followed as closely as possible, including the marginal readings and the variant targums incorporated in the text. When aramaic replaced the hebrew tongue among the jews of palestine and babylon, interpreters were called to translate and explain the scriptural passages that were read aloud during synagogue services. Each volume examines the place of a particular targum or group of targums in. The first translation into english of all the extant targums, together with introductions and annotations.
Jastrow and dalman, in the tradition of buxtorf, attempted to treat all the vocabulary found in rabbinic literature, both hebrew and aramaic. The two complete versions of the palestinian targum that survive are targum neofiti, a complete codex that was only discovered in 1956 in the vatican library. When you have entered into the land that i will give to you, then shall the ground rest for a rest before the lord. It originated, like targum onkelus, in the synagogue reading of a translation from the prophets, together with the weekly lesson the talmud attributes its authorship to jonathan ben uzziel, a pupil of hillel the elder. Speak with the children of israel, and say to them. And the lord spake with mosheh in the mountain of sinai, saying. Other articles where targum pseudojonathan is discussed. A targum is a translation of part of the bible into aramaic. Targums of onkelos and jonathan uzziel genesis and exodus 1862 in pdf targum onkelos or unkelus, is the official eastern babylonian targum aramaic translation to the torah. English translation of targum onkelos module requests. Targum jonathan otherwise referred to as targum yonasanyonatan is the official eastern babylonian targum to the neviim. According to this source, it was composed by jonathan ben uzziel from the mouths of haggai, zechariah, and malachi, implying that it was based on.
The word originally indicated a translation of the old testament in any language but later came to refer specifically to an aramaic translation. Targum jonathan to the prophets by churgin, pinkhos, 1894. Targum pseudo jonathan is a western targum translation of the torah pentateuch from the land of israel as opposed to the eastern babylonian targum onkelos. This particular targum is read in synagogues after the reading of the hebrew text. The primary aim of the proverbs targum is to provide an. Description of history and origin of targum jonathan. Targum jonathan to the prophets, the palestinian targums known to him i. Targum obadiah a new translation by thomas lenihan, 2015. Targum jonathan henceforth tj is the standard jewish aramaic translation of the biblical books of joshua, judges, samuel and kings the socalled former prophets, and isaiah, jeremiah, ezekiel and the twelve minor prophets the latter prophets. Anyone interested in turning them into an esword module. A new translation complete with onkelos, neofiti, pseudojonathan, jonathan, the targums of the writings, geniza and other targum fragments.
The translation is from 1860s so these texts should be public domain now. Targum onqelos onkelos targum onqelos is the official eastern translation of the torah in aramaic. Most targums are not literal translations but paraphrases incorporating commentary and amplifications. Etheridge, ma 1862, 1865 the original title of the book is as stated above but whether it refers to jonathan or pseudo jonathan is subject to debate for example, please see b. Targum pseudojonathan is a western targum translation of the torah pentateuch from the land of israel as opposed to the eastern babylonian targum onkelos. The targum belongs to the same genre as the other official targumim, designated in jewish tradition as onqelos on the pentateuch and jonathan on the prophets. Spanish team and professor kasher have promised their cooperation. These alterations reveal important information about. It is said to have been exhumed and that the present targum on that book is from jonathans hand.
Manual of the aramaic language of the palestinian talmud. A targum is technically any translation of the hebrew scriptures, but usually it refers to the aramaic translation of such a book. Etheridge, ma 1862, 1865 the original title of the book is as stated above but whether it refers to jonathan or pseudojonathan is subject to debate for example, please see b. Targum jonathan henceforth tj is the standard jewish aramaic translation of the. The aramaic bible is an impressive series that provides english translations of all the targums, along with extensive introductions and notes. Tgesth targum esther tgisa targum of isaiah tgjon targum jonathan tglam targum lamentations tgonk targum onkelos tgneof targum neofiti tgpsj targum pseudo jonathan j ournals, b ook s eries, and r eference w orks bdb browndriversbriggs, hebrew english lexicon bib biblica bjrl bulletin of the john rylands university library bzaw beihefte zur zaw. Eldon clem, targum onkelos and jonathan english, version 2. Its language, basically palestinian aramaic, was revised and edited in babylon. Pentateuch targum pseudojonathan and onkelos, an 1892 translation by j. There are two versions of the targum of samuel with latin translation that have been written or edited by christian scholars. The original language of targum jonathan is aramaic. This manuscript is followed as closely as possible, including the marginal readings and the variant targum s incorporated in the text.
Targum pseudojonathan biblical literature britannica. The targum of jonathan ben uzziel on the pentateuch with the fragments of the jerusalem targum from the chaldee by j. The targum of jonathan ben uzziel on the pentateuch. Authorship of the targum is attributed to jonathan ben uzziel, a prime student of the great talmudic sage hillel. There are three extant targums on the pentateuch onkelos, jonathan and neofiti, two on esther and one on most other books of the hebrew bible. Six years you shall sow your fields, and six years prune your. The targum of job was skid to have been already written, but was buried by gamaliel. In contrast to two other targums, jerusalem ii and iii, which are highly fragmentary, pseudojonathan jerusalem i is virtually complete. Third, some centuries later, targum pseudojonathan brought together onqeloss translation, the palestinian targums additions, and an even larger amount of additional material of its own. The tomb of jonathan ben uzziel is shown on the face of a hill to the north of safed, palestine. Targum pseudojonathan is a western targum translation of the torah pentateuch from the land of israel as opposed to the eastern babylonian targum. Some of the targums, particularly onqelos on the torah and jonathan on the prophets, are still used extensively in orthodox judaism today. It is a composite of the old palestinian targum and an early version of onkelos with an admixture of material from diverse periods.
Here is one such targum, genesis from pseudo jonathan, that has been translated into english by michael maher. Translation, or interpretation, any of several translations of the hebrew bible or portions of it into the aramaic language. That had become necessary near the end of the 1st century bce, as the common language was in transition and hebrew was used for little more than schooling and. Targum jonathan in english targum jonathan, otherwise referred to as targum yonasan yonatan, is the official eastern babylonian targum to the neviim. But because of a printers mistake it was later labeled targum jonathan, in reference to jonathan ben uzziel. The chaldee paraphrase on the prophet isaiah translated by rev. Notably, this work, at times, displays a christian tone. The vocabulary of the old judeospanish translation of the canticles and. The english translation remains as close to the aramaic as grammar will allow to give the reader a sense of the original idiom.
Targum jonathan is an aramaic translation of the neviim prophets. The translation used is based on the cambridge university ms ee. The following english language translation of the isaiah targum of jonathan was compiled by rev. The targums of onkelos and jonathan ben uzziel on the pentateuch. However, while the text can be compared with the tar comprehensive. Pauli for the london society for promoting christianity among the jews in 1871. The targum modules already found on this site are in aramaic and it takes a real professional to. Yale university, 1922 thesis note on label mounted on halftitle. Targums english targe translation of targum onkelos and jonathan by dr. Ecclesiastes in the song of songs and coheleth, christian david ginsburg 1857 pages 503519. Targum of jonathan to the prophets 1907 pdf original bibles. Pdf targum jonathan to the prophets steven d fraade.
A new translation complete with onkelos, neofiti, pseudo jonathan, jonathan, the targums of the writings, geniza and other targum fragments. Tgesth targum esther tgisa targum of isaiah tgjon targum jonathan tglam targum lamentations tgonk targum onkelos tgneof targum neofiti tgpsj targum pseudojonathan j ournals, b ook s eries, and r eference w orks bdb browndriversbriggs, hebrew english lexicon bib biblica bjrl bulletin of the john rylands university library bzaw beihefte zur zaw. Diezmacho reported that he had discovered that a palimpsest in the vatican museum, known as neofiti i, was actually a complete copy of the palestinian targum. The value and significance of the targumstranslations of the hebrew bible into aramaic, the language of palestinian jews for centuries following the babylonian exilelie in their approach to translation. Targumanu, interpreter or translator, occurs in akkad. This targum is known as pseudo jonathan, because a common abbreviation for it in the. In talmudic times and to this day in yemenite jewish communities targum jonathan was read as a versebyverse translation alternatively with the hebrew verses of the haftarah in the synagogue. Its correct title was originally targum yerushalmi jerusalem targum, which is how it was known in medieval times.
English translation of targum onkelos posted in module requests. Targum definition is an aramaic translation or paraphrase of a portion of the old testament. Apr 30, 20 some of the targums, particularly onqelos on the torah and jonathan on the prophets, are still used extensively in orthodox judaism today. Nez floridas emerald coast real estate podcast with nathan abbott chillout music radio. In addition to the latin translations in the polyglot bibles there is one by fagius strasburg, 1546. The targum modules already found on this site are in. Hi all, i have recently formatted an english language edition of the isaiah targum for bibleworks. The targum of job is regarded as one of the most enigmatic of targums.
Copy freely more freeware from bennie blount ministries international table of contents. Targum neofiti and the fragments of more than forty other versions none exactly the same indicate its widespread use. This product contains five 5 different text modules and related notes files. Speak to the sons of israel, that they return back, and encamp before the mouths of hiratha, as they lie, created after the manner likeness of the children of men, male and female, and their eyes open to them. May 20, 2012 english translation of targum onkelos posted in module requests. The targum of onkelos to genesis download ebook pdf.
The value and significance of the targumstranslations of the hebrew bible into aramaic, the language of palestinian jews for. Targum jonathan is an aramaic translation of the hebrew bible that was made in the 2nd or 3rd centuries c. Eldon clem translation of joel, amos, obadiah, jonah, micah, nahum. There is an ancient tradition in orthodox judaism where the hebrew torah portion is read twice weekly and once from the aramaic targum. But because of a printers mistake it was later labeled targum jonathan, in reference to.
Patriotic tendencies in targum jonathan on the prophets, hebrew abstracts 15. A name applied to each of several early somewhat paraphrastic translations of portions of the ot into aram. To this day, the oldest surviving custom with respect to the yemenite jewish prayerrite is the reading of the torah and the haftara with the aramaic translation in this case, targum onkelos for the torah and targum jonathan ben uzziel for the haftarah. Here is one such targum, genesis from pseudojonathan, that has been translated into english by michael maher. This targum is known as pseudojonathan, because a common abbreviation for it in the.
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